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Admiral John Markham, (13 June 1761 – 13 February 1827) was a Royal Navy officer of the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries who is best known for his service at the Admiralty as a supporter of Earl St Vincent and later as MP for Portsmouth. ==Life== John Markham was born in 1761 at Westminster, second son to William Markham, the Archbishop of York, and Sarah. He was educated at Westminster School. In March 1775, he joined the Royal Navy at the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War. He served under George Elphinstone in HMS ''Romney'' and HMS ''Perseus''. Going to the West Indies in February 1777, the ''Perseus'' captured another privateer, to which again young Markham was sent as prize-master, and a third time, in May, he was appointed in a like capacity to a large merchant-ship, captured on the coast of Carolina. He had with him four men and a boy from the ''Perseus'', and four of the prisoners, americanised Frenchmen, to assist in working the ship. During a violent gale the ship sprang a leak, and became waterlogged. The English seamen, growing desperate, got dead drunk, and the Frenchmen, arming themselves as they best could, attacked Markham, who was at the helm. He succeeded, however, in beating them below. The ship, too, though waterlogged, was laden with barrel-staves, and kept afloat until her crew were rescued by a passing vessel. Some months later, he arrived in England, to find his family in mourning for him, Elphinstone having written that he had certainly been lost with the ship. He subsequently served on the North American and West Indian stations in HMS ''Phoenix'', HMS ''Roebuck'', HMS ''Royal Oak'', HMS ''London'', HMS ''Volcano'' and HMS ''Zebra'', participating at the Siege of Charleston and the Battle of Cape Henry. He went to Jamaica, where, in March 1782, Sir Peter Parker, 1st Baronet promoted him to command the ''Volcano'' fireship. In May, Rodney moved him to the ''Zebra'' sloop, and sent him out to cruise off Cape Tiburon. On 22 May, he fell in with a brig flying a French ensign. He chased her, and was fast gaining on her, when she hoisted a union jack at the fore. Markham supposed that this was a signal to a small craft in company, and as the motions of the brig were otherwise suspicious, he fired into her. It then appeared that she was a cartel, and meant the English jack for a flag of truce. On the complaint of the French lieutenant in command, Markham was tried by court-martial and cashiered, but Rodney, reviewing the evidence, reinstated him on his own authority, and the king in council, on the report of the admiralty, completely restored him, 13 November. He received half-pay for the time, June to November, that he was out of the service, and on 3 January 1783, was promoted to the rank of post-captain. From 1783 to 1786, he commanded HMS ''Sphinx'' and was subsequently in reserve until the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars in 1793. He commanded HMS ''Blonde'' in the West Indies and then moved in 1795 to the ship of the line HMS ''Hannibal'', seeing action at the Action of 10 April 1795. He then sailed to the West Indies, but came down with yellow fever and was dangerously ill, forcing his return to Britain. In 1797, he took command of HMS ''Centaur'' and served off Ireland, in the Mediterranean and off the French coast, capturing a French frigate squadron in the Action of 18 June 1799, until in 1801 he was appointed to the Admiralty board by Earl St Vincent, with whom he had served in the Mediterranean. He remained in this position until 1804, and resumed it in 1806 before retiring completely in 1807.〔 Although Markham remained in the Navy and was eventually promoted to admiral in 1819, he did not serve in a command capacity again. He had however been elected to Parliament in 1801 on the death of Lord Hugh Seymour, sitting for the constituency of Portsmouth from 1801 to 1818 and then again from 1820 to 1826. He retired from all public life in 1826 due to ill health, and died in Naples early on 13 February 1827. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Markham (Royal Navy officer)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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